Panchanga or Panchang is Hindu Almanac. The literal
translation of Panchanga is "Five Limbs". The five energies
it represents are considered for selecting an appropriate
and auspicious time for ceremonies or certain actions.
Panchanga is consulted in matters of timing, i.e.
calculating muhurta concerning marriage, education, travel
and agriculture to name a few. It is very interesting to
note the importance given to Sun and Moon in ascertaining a
good time. While fixing a muhurta, we cannot possibly choose
a time that is perfect in all respects, we therefore should
try to choose a time that would do more good than bad.
The five limbs and a brief description is as follows:
Tithi (along with Paksha): A tithi means a lunar day.
A lunar day is about 0.95 of a normal day. When the Moon
moves towards the Sun, it is called Krishna Paksha,
otherwise its Shukla Paksha. When the Sun and Moon are
closer to each other, it is Amavasya and when they are 180
degrees apart, it becomes Poornima.
Vaar (Day of the weeks): The days of the week along
with the ruler planet in the brackets are - Sunday (Sun),
Monday (Moon), Tuesday (Mars), Wednesday (Mercury), Thursday
(Jupiter), Friday (Venus) and Saturday (Saturn).
Nakshatra (Constellation): Apart from the 12 signs,
there are 27 constellations that are like "mansions" or
"houses". The planets visit these houses while on their
journeys through the skies. Nakshatra is a generic term and
all planets are in one Nakshatra or the other at any given
time. However, when someone says Janma Nakshatra or daily
Nakshatra, he/she specifically means Moon Nakshatra.
Yoga: Yoga means combination. In this context of
Panchanga, it means it means a particular combination of
Moon and Sun. This combination is said to affect a person's
health.
Karana: Karana means half a lunar day. There are 11
Karanas.
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